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Uses of Gum Arabic

Uses of Gum Arabic

 

Gum Prints :

 

Since the ninteenth century, gum arabic has been combined with a sensitizer and a soluble pigment, applied to paper, and exposed through a negative under a powderful light source. This can produce beautiful prints only surpassed by addign further layers of gum pigments in registration. It is also possible to print color separated black-white negatives to produce gorgeous true color prints, but precise registration is required

 

 

Textiles :

Gum Arabic can be using in the melting yarn chips process. Gum Arabic is added to make the yarn stronger and increase its tensile strength. These days, many textile manufacturers use a modified starch mixed with Gum Arabic.

 

Fabric Printing :

Gum Arabic can be added to the painting formula to fix the pigment in the fabric, thus saving printing costs.

 

Water Colors :

The essential ingredients in watercolors are pigments, a binding agent (usually gum arabic), and water. When combined these three components create transparent watercolor. Gum arabic acts as the binder for both watercolor and gouache paints.

 

Emulsifying Character
Gum arabic is effective in preparation of oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsions are stable in the presence of electrolytes; in fact, some emulsions develop improved stable in the presence of electrolytes. Thus, an emulsion produced by 10% gum arabic can be duplicated in stability by a 0.5% gum solution to which a sodium salt has been added.

Stable emulsions are produced by gum arabic over a range of pH values. Gum collects at the emulsion interface in the form of a visible film that prevents coalescence of the oil microspheres. The viscosity of the emulsion differs with the type of oil and film thickness.

Flavor fixation
A broad use of gum arabic has been to spray-dry a solution or emulsion of the gum-flavor mixture to produce a fixed or encapsulated flavor in the dry powder form that can be packaged in dry mixes of desserts puddings, beverages, cakes, and soups. Many industrial gums have been examined for flavor entrapment and preservation, but so far, bum arabic has been the polymer of choice for citrus oils. It has the advantage of rapid dissolution with rapid release of flavor, without affecting product viscosity. A common ratio of gum to flavor oil is 4:1, but on occastions where more protection is required, the ratio may increase to 9:1.

Confectionery
A large part of gum arabic is used in confectionery products to prevent sucrose crystallization and evenly distribute lipid components. Sizable applications are in jujubes and pastilles that have high sucrose content and relatively low moisture. Another large application is in caramels and toffees where gum arabic maintains uniform distribution of fat and retards fat accumulation on the surface that would produce a greasy or, under certain conditions, a whitening effect.

Candy jellies such as jujubes, fruit bums, fruit pastilles, gum drops, and cough drops have been made with gum arabic for many years. These depositors or moguls may have been invented by Venetian candy markers in the beginning of the 19th century. The process involves crushing and sifting the gum, followed by dissolving it in water to 50% concentration, skimming and decanting the solution, and mixing it with sucrose and corn syrup. This mixture is cooked to about 102O and a solids content of 65-68%. The cooled mixture is then mixed with required acid, color, and flavor, deposited in starch-coated molds, and dried at a selected temperature. After several days, the gum candies are unmounted, depowdered on screens, brushed to remove starch, and glazed with wax or oil and, if desired, sugared. Such candies are soft but firm and long-lasting in the mouth. They contain 50% less sugar than hard candies. The gum gives a cleaner, finer taste. Pectins, gelatin-gum arabic mixtures, and thin-boiling starches can be used as replacements for gum arabic.

Sugar-coated confections made by the panning process employ gum arabic solutions to provide an adhesive and film coating for nuts, candy corn, jelly beans, bridge mixes, and others. The gum also serves as a whipping and stabilizing agent for aerated confections like angel kisses, marshmallows, soft caramels, nougats, and meringues, especially those made with hydrolyzed soy protein. Reduced-calorie nougats contain about 27% each of gum arabic and microcrystalline cellulose. Calorie reduction to more than 50% in toffee is obtained by using higher levels of these nonmetabolizable polysaccharides.

Gum arabic has been used in dietetic foods as a noncaloric bulking agent and has been used in the preparation of special-purpose foods such as those for diabetics. A mixture of gum arabic and xanthan (10%) has been used in the preparation of stabilized whipped or aerated low-calorie products such as butter, margarine, toppings, spreads and frozen desserts.

 

 

 

Bakery Products
Gum arabic's water solubility, low viscosity, and adhesiveness gives it value as a glaze for buns to provide gloss and flexibility and also makes it useful as a component in toppings and icing bases and in applications where its emulsifying power is important. It can be used to encapsulate baking flavors, such as cinnamon oil, for dispersal in vegetable fats and for use where flavor release is wanted at specific melting temperatures.

Emulsification
Gum arabic's effectiveness as an emulsifier has given it broad application in foods; it has an especially strong position in the soft drink industry as stabilizer of citrus oil emulsion concentrates. It fills an important application in beverages as cloud-producing agent and in dry mixed where a spray dried emulsion of gum arabic and hydrogenated vegetable oil produces a stable, free-flowing powder that, on dispersal in water, provides a cloudiness or turbidity typical of citrus or other juices.

This procedure, with modifications, is used in the formulation of several dry beverage mixes.
The foam-stabilizing ability of gum arabic gives it use in beer and certain soft drinks to stabilize the foam "lace" on the side of the glass.

 

Pharmaceuticals
Only small quantities of gum arabic are used in pharmaceuticals. These uses depend upon its emulsifying, suspending, demulcent or coating characteristics. The gum maintains suspensions of insoluble when use in rather high concentrations. Owing to its mild ability to complex heavy metal ions, it brings about better suspension of these salts when needed, as for example, in the suspension of calamine lotion, and in certain instances in the emulsification of liquid petrolatum and of cod liver oil. Its demulcent property has given it some application in pharmaceutical syrups where it also masks unpleasant tastes.

Adhesives Powdered gum arabic is a simple adhesive for paper products and may be used directly after dissolution in two or three times its weight of water. A 40% aqueous solution has been made as a mucilage for general office purpose.

Miscellaneous Gum arabic acts as a colloid protective agent in the suspension of carbon black in inks and printing pastes. In lithography, gum arabic has found special application because of its easy wettability and spreadability, viscosity control, stabilization of lithography chemicals, and ready removability through simple washing.